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Authors
Wang, I-Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-5442
Chen, Hsiao-Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7544-2178
Huang, Wei-Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7701-3908
Chiang, Nai-Jung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9292-0055
Shen, Li-Jiuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2854-3205
Chueh, Chen-Han https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3337-2586
Tsai, Yi-Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-7217
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan (YM111012E).
: The IRB waived the consent-to-participate requirement for this research because it is low risk. Furthermore, the possible risk to the research subjects was no greater than that for those who did not participate, and the exemption from obtaining prior consent did not affect the rights or interests of the research subjects.
: Consent to publish is not required because the IRB agreed that this research did not require consent to participate.
: Nai-Jung Chiang received payments for lectures from TTY Biopharm Company Limited; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Ipsen; Novartis, and PharmaEngine, Inc. Yi-Wen Tsai has received research funding from IQVIA for studies on health economics and epidemiology related to chronic urticaria in Taiwan. This funding is unrelated to the current study and has not influenced its design, conduct, or reporting. The terms of this arrangement were reviewed and approved by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in accordance with its policy on research objectivity. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
