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Article History

Received: 30 April 2021

Accepted: 3 July 2022

First Online: 27 July 2022

Declarations

:

: The Nepal Health Research Council (461/2016), the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (2017P000709/PHS), and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai: (MSSM IRB-18-01091) institutional review boards approved this study for human subjects’ research. Informed verbal consent was obtained at the beginning of enrollment into the larger RMNCH study. CHWs regularly received training on ethics, accompanied by close supervision from CHNs throughout the intervention, and participated in a specific refresher training session prior to the census in 2018. During the census, CHWs asked each participant for permission to proceed with asking about their birth history.

: Not applicable.

: A. Tiwari and A. Thapa are employed by a US-based nonprofit (<i>Possible</i>) and based in Nepal. SS is employed by a Nepal-based non-governmental organization (<i>Possible</i>). VB, LB, BB, SK, NM, HJR, and SP are employed by a nonprofit healthcare company (<i>Nyaya Health Nepal,</i> with support from the US-based nonprofit, <i>Possible</i>) that delivers free healthcare in rural Nepal using funds from the Government of Nepal and other public, philanthropic, and private foundation sources. NC, DM, and SM are employed by, and SM, DC, DM, and SS are faculty members at a private medical school (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai). DC is a faculty member at, DC and SH are employed part-time by, and SH is a graduate student at a public university (University of Washington). DM is a member of <i>Possible</i>’s Board of Directors, for which he receives no compensation. RS is employed at an academic medical center (Brigham and Women’s Hospital) that receives public sector research funding, as well as revenue through private sector fee-for-service medical transactions and private foundation grants. RS is a faculty member at a private medical school (Harvard Medical School) and employed at an academic medical center (Massachusetts General Hospital) that receives public sector research funding, as well as revenue through private sector fee-for-service medical transactions and private foundation grants. All authors declare that we have no competing financial interests. The authors do, however, believe strongly that healthcare is a public good, not a private commodity.