Kagoye, Sophia Adam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-8928
Mangya, Charles
Konje, Eveline
Todd, Jim
Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa
Bashingwa, Jean
Materu, Jacqueline
Kishamawe, Coleman
Boerma, Ties
Marston, Milly
Urassa, Mark
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-030309, INV-050361)
Article History
Received: 17 January 2024
Accepted: 27 May 2025
First Online: 14 July 2025
Declarations
:
: Permission to conduct this study was obtained from the Medical Research Coordinating Committee in Tanzania with ethical clearance number NIMR/HQ/R.8c/Vol. I/1496 and from Catholic University of Health of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando Research and Ethical Committee (CREC) with ethical clearance number CREC/580/2022. Informed consent was obtained for participants aged 18 and above, and assent was obtained from minors. Unique identification numbers were used to identify study participants. Confidentiality was adhered to during the data process and analysis.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.