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Household crowding and mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults: Findings from longitudinal population surveillance data in rural and peri-urban settings in Limpopo, South Africa

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-025-00391-z

Published Online: 2025-10-30

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Seakamela, Kagiso Peace https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-0506
Bashingwa, Jean Juste Harrisson

Tlouyamma, Joseph

Ntimana, Cairo Bruce

Mphekgwana, Modupi Peter

Mashaba, Reneilwe Given

Mothapo, Katlego

Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson

Maimela, Eric
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant Investments INV-030309, INV-050361)

South African Population Research Infrastructure Network, South Africa (Alberts MRC M518, UL)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-30

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-30
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Article History

Received: 18 January 2024

Accepted: 27 May 2025

First Online: 30 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The University of Limpopo Turfloop Research Ethics Committee (TREC) was consulted to obtain ethical approval for the project (TREC/512/2019). Permission to conduct the study was also granted by the tribal authority and the Department of Health in Limpopo Province. The parent’s consent was solicited in cases where the participant was below the consenting age of 18.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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