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Article History

Received: 28 June 2025

Accepted: 1 December 2025

First Online: 12 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The data was collected as part of a program involving research institutions, with a view to making advanced use of the data and highlighting scientific evidence.

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of Population Health Metrics and/or the editor(s). Population Health Metrics and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.These tools include: Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, Beck Youth Inventories, Child Behavior Checklist, Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS), Child Health Questionnaire, Child Outcome Rating Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA), Pediatric Symptom Checklist, Youth Outcome Questionnaire, and Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). However, the authors show that none of these tools offers a measure that captures the reliability of the severity of mental disorders and their evolution over time for all target groups.Among the widely used instruments, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).