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Authors
Hisham MohamedAbdelhalim Hakim Huss, Aseel https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1728-4320
Abdeen Hassan, Shaza Ali
Elniema, Ola Hatim Abdelbari
Khalifa, Galal Eldeen Elturabi Galal
Hisham MohamedAbdelhalim Hakim Huss, Mohamed
Hisham MohamedAbdelhalim Hakim Huss, Muathal
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Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 8 March 2026
Declarations
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: This research was approved by the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards [ ].
: The authors declare no competing interests.
