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Article History

Received: 12 November 2025

Accepted: 31 March 2026

First Online: 19 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Using a Determination of Research with Human Subjects assessment process, the Salus IRB performed an administrative review of the study protocol and determined that the activities do not constitute regulated research involving human subjects. No formal IRB review was required at this time. The surveys were administered in accordance with the NIH Guiding Principles for Ethical Research with assurance that those invited to participate did so based on their understanding of what the study was about in accordance with the overarching principles of social and clinical value, scientific validity, fair subject selection, favorable risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent, and respect for potential and enrolled subjects. Salus IRB Study ID: 23188-01, Date of Certification: 27/9/2023.

: All survey participants read and understood the study information and had the opportunity to ask questions. They understood that their participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw from completing the survey at any time, without giving a reason and without cost.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.