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Authors
Lennikov, Anton
Yang, Menglu
Elzaridi, Farris
Shu, Daisy Y.
Hu, Zhengping
Miller, William P.
Tsonas, Matthijs
Huang, Lu
Yen, Christina
Chang, Karen
Chen, Julie
Vijikumar, Aruvi
Ashok, Ajay
Cho, Kin-Sang
Geniez, Magali Saint
Dartt, Darlene A.
Chen, Dong Feng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (HT9425-23-1-1045, HT9425-24-1-0788, HT9425-23-1-1045)
Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund
Grimshaw-Guduwicz Foundation
BrightFocus Foundation (M2021010F)
National Eye Institute (R01EY019470, R01EY031696)
Harvard Neuro Discovery Center
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Article History
Received: 16 March 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures were conducted using C57BL/6J mice following the approved protocol by the Schepens Eye Research Institute Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Protocol 2020N000219 “Investigate the effects of electrostimulation on mice with retinal degenerative diseases” and were performed in compliance with the “Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research” guidelines issued by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO).
: Not applicable.
: Dong Chen is the scientific founder of FireCyte Therapeutics and a consultant of i-Lumen Scientific and Sichuan PriMed. Kin-Sang Cho is a consultant at FireCyte Therapeutics. Ajay Ashok, Anton Lennikov, Karen Chang, Dong Chen, Kin-Sang Cho, and Menglu Yang are inventors of a patent application for using microcurrent electrical stimulation technology. All other authors declare they have no competing interests.
