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Authors
He, Fan
Lin, Shuyang
Gao, Bei
Ramesh, Varun
Kim, Alexander B.
Kong, Tim
Fisher, Daniel A. C.
Letson, Christopher T.
Brakhane, Molly
Fulbright, Mary
Yu, Yanbo
Sardiello, Marco
Di Paola, Jorge
Sykes, Stephen M.
Oh, Stephen T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007088)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007088)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007088)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL134952)
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
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: All research complies with all relevant ethical regulations. Patient and healthy donor control peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) samples were obtained according to a protocol approved by the Washington University Human Studies Committee (WU no. 01-1014). All patients previously provided consent to have samples banked and were not newly recruited for this study. All in vivo procedures were conducted in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Washington University (no. 20–0463). Mice were handled according to standard care procedures compliant with Washington University Department of Comparative Medicine facility including: bedding, cage change interval, light cycle, temperature, humidity, food type, water, and caging. The maximal disease burden denoted by the ethics committee/institutional review board (e.g., moribund and sluggish appearance, hunched and with ruffled coats, harboring visible lesions) was not exceeded. Animals were humanely euthanized upon immobility or appearance with signs of distress.
: Not applicable because no individual data was used in the study.
: S.T.O. has served as a consultant for Kartos Therapeutics, CTI BioPharma, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb, Disc Medicine, Blueprint Medicines, PharmaEssentia, Constellation, Geron, Abbvie, Sierra Oncology, and Incyte. All other authors disclose no competing interests.
