Lind, Simon
Abdi Ali, Ayaan
Al Hamoud Al Asswad, Sarah
Lauschke, Volker M.
Forsman, Huamei
Dahlgren, Claes
Johansson, Linda C.
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Gothenburg
Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 7 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Buffy coats were obtained from the blood bank at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. According to Swedish legislation (Section code 4§ 3p, SFS 2003:460; Lag om etikprövning av forskning som avser människor), no ethical approval was required as the buffy coats were provided anonymously and could not be traced back to specific donors.
: V.M.L. is co-founder, CEO, and shareholder of HepaPredict AB, as well as co-founder and shareholder of Shanghai Hepo Biotechnology Ltd. The other authors declare no competing interests.