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Authors
Wang, Donghui
Li, Guodong
Lu, Yajie
Du, Ruoxin
He, Xiangmei
Sun, Jiahui
Li, Danxi
Wang, Siyuan
Liu, Yimin
Wang, Shuning
Hou, Lan
Zhang, Juliang
Gao, Yuan
Zhang, Cun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Joint Innovation Fund of Xijing Hospital Innovation Research Institute (LHJJ2023-YX06)
Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 2022JC-53)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072910, 81902678, 82373894, 82304540, and 82172788)
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 11 July 2026
First Online: 17 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures involving human participants in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research, which utilized human tumor tissues for single-cell sequencing, has obtained approvals from the appropriate ethics committees. Specifically, the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (approval reference number: 2020KY129) and the Independent Ethics Committee of the General Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (approval reference number: K202207-06).
Consent for publication: Written informed consent for the publication of details, images, or videos relating to the individual participants involved in this study has been obtained from each participant. This consent covers publication under the relevant Creative Commons license, ensuring that such details will be freely available on the internet and accessible to the general public.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
