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Article History

Received: 16 November 2018

Accepted: 13 August 2019

First Online: 22 August 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study adhered to the principles of the National Health and Medical Research Council Act and approval for the study was granted by the QUT Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval number: 1600000408).

: Permission was obtained from the director of each participating facility to undertake observational data collection and for video and or voice recording, taking into consideration confidentiality of identity and ownership of images. A project outline was provided prior to informed signed consent being given by each parent. Informed assent was sought and given by child participants by providing a child-friendly explanatory note, and verbal request. Any project benefits or risks were clearly identified at the time, along with the right to not participate or withdraw from the study. Observational data was collated and analysed according to the Constructivist Grounded Theory protocols for interpretation and consistency.In the event where consent was not provided for video photography of individual children, arrangements were made for camera angles to exclude those children out of the camera frame. Children were free to be involved in any usual ECEC activities that may have been observed as part of the study, however, without written consent for participation, no data analysis or use of images of those children was conducted of data unwittingly collected. Only analysed data collected from participants with written consent was included in the published research of the study. By employing a valid ethical framework for qualitative research, the rights of all participants were protected [].

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.