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Article History

Received: 13 August 2024

Accepted: 26 November 2024

First Online: 3 December 2024

Declarations

:

: The included trials in this pooled analysis were performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Study protocols of each individual trial were subjected to ethics approval with affiliated institutes. The protocol of the trial of Ayala et al. (2022) was approved by the Institutional Review Board of San Diego State University (Protocol #: 731084), the of Huitink et al. (2020) by the Medical Ethics Committee of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the of Vogel et al. (2024) by University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (ID20986.A2), and finally of Stuber et al. (2024) by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam (reference number: 2019.334). All participants provided written informed consent before enrolling in the study, except for those in the trial conducted by Huitink et al. (2020), who provided oral informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: All authors of this article had non-financial and project-specific research collaborations with individual grocery stores or grocery store chains to facilitate the conduct of the real-world trials. Grocery stores and grocery store chains collaborated in the development and implementation of the interventions, while data analysis, interpretations of results and the decisions to publish the findings were independent of the retailers. Authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.