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Authors
Zheng, Shenglin
Castro, Oscar
Mair, Jacqueline Louise
Jabir, Ahmad I.
Tan, Sarah Yi Xuan
Shenoi, Akshaye
Negi, Samarth
Mathews, Ruth Rachael
Koh, Rachel Woon Sim
Yan, Xiaoxi
Chakraborty, Bibhas
Tai, E. Shyong
van Dam, Rob M.
von Wangenheim, Florian
Fleisch, Elgar
Griva, Konstadina
Kowatsch, Tobias
Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of NUS (NUS-IRB-2023-421), ETH Zürich (EK-2024-N-13-A), and Nanyang Technological University (NTU-IRB-2024-305).
: Not applicable.
: J.L.M., F.v.W., E.F., and T.K. are affiliated with the Centre for Digital Health Interventions, funded in part by the Swiss health insurer CSS, the Swiss digital health investor MTIP, and the Austrian healthcare provider Mavie Next. E.F. is, and T.K. was, co-founder of Pathmate Technologies, a university spin-off company. However, Pathmate Technologies, CSS, MTIP, and Mavie Next were not involved in the design, interpretation, or analysis of the study, nor in the writing of the manuscript. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
