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Article History

Received: 22 January 2020

Accepted: 3 April 2020

First Online: 16 April 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The protocol followed in this study was in agreement with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of of Brescia (protocol n. 28961 of June 21, 2012). A written informed consent was signed by all participants.

: Not applicable.

: D Bertoli, M.Z. Conti, S. Galgani, V. Giustini, C. Scarpazza, F. Serana, C. Solaro, and A. Sottini have no competing interests. M. Chiarini has received a fellowship from Merck Serono. R. Capra has received lecture fees and/or travel grants from Biogen, Celgene, Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis, and Teva. D. Ferraro has received travel grants and/or speaker honoraria from Biogen, Genzyme-Sanofi, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Teva and has participated to scientific Advisory Board for Biogen, Novartis, and Roche. L. Imberti has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Genzyme-Sanofi, Merck Serono, and Novartis and has participated to scientific Advisory Board for Biogen. She has received research funding from FISM (Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla) and research support from Genzyme-Sanofi and Merck Serono. V. Torri Clerici has participated to scientific Advisory Board for Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Roche and has received funding for traveling and honoraria for speaking or writing from Almirall, Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis, Roche, and Teva. She received support for research project by Almirall. A. Visconti is employed of Merck Serono S.p.A., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.