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Article History

Received: 20 March 2023

Accepted: 30 March 2023

First Online: 18 April 2023

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Paolo A. Ascierto (PAA): <i>Employment or Leadership Position</i>: None; <i>Consultant/Advisory Role</i>: Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Roche-Genentech, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Merck Serono, Pierre-Fabre, AstraZeneca, Sun Pharma, Sanofi, Idera, Sandoz, Immunocore, 4SC, Italfarmaco, Nektar, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eisai, Regeneron, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, OncoSec, Nouscom, Lunaphore, Seagen, iTeos, Medicenna; <i>Stock Ownership</i>: None; <i>Research Funding</i>: Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Roche-Genentech, Pfizer, Sanofi​; <i>Expert Testimony</i>: None; <i>Other Remuneration</i>: None. Christian Blank (CB): <i>Advisory role</i>: BMS, MSD, Roche, Novartis, GSK, AZ, Pfizer, Lilly, GenMab, Pierre Fabre, Third Rock Ventures; <i>Research funding</i>: BMS, Novartis, NanoString, 4SC; <i>Stockownership:</i> co-founder Immagene BV. Alexander M. Eggermont (AME): <i>Consulting Fees</i>: Agenus, BioInvent, BioNTech, Brenus, CatalYm, Clover Pharmaceuticals, Ellipses, Galecto, GenOway, IO Biotech, IQVIA, ISA Pharmaceuticals, Merck&Co, MSD, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Scorpion Pharmaceuticals, Sairopa, Sellas, SkylineDX, TigaTx, Trained Therapeutics. <i>Lectures:</i> BMS, MSD; Equity: IO Biotech, SkylineDX, Sairopa. Claus Garbe (CG): personal fees from MSD, grants and personal fees from Novartis, grants and personal fees from NeraCare, personal fees from BMS, personal fees from Philogen, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, during the conduct of the study. Jeffrey E. Gershenwald (JEG): Consultant and/or advisory role: Merck, Regeneron, Syndax. Omid Hamid (OH): <i>Consulting fees</i>—Aduro, Akeso, Amgen, Beigene, Bioatia, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Immunocore, Idera, Incyte, Janssen, Merck, Nextcure, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Regeneron, SeaGen, Tempus, and Zelluna; <i>Honoraria</i>—Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi Regeneron. Axel Hauschild (AH): Amgen, BMS, Dermagnostix, Immunocore, MerckPfizer, MSD/Merck, Neracare, Novartis, Philogen, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Replimune, Roche, Sanofi, Seagen, Xenthera. Jason J. Luke (JJL): <i>Data and Safety Monitoring Board</i>: TTC Oncology; <i>Scientific Advisory Board</i>: 7 Hills, Actym, Alphamab Oncology, Mavu (now part of AbbVie), Pyxis, Springbank, Tempest; <i>Consultancy</i>: Abbvie, Akrevia, Algios, Array, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Compugen, Eisai, EMD Serono, Ideaya, Immunocore, Incyte, Janssen, Leap, Merck, Mersana, Novartis, RefleXion, Silicon, Tesaro, Vividion; <i>Research Support</i>: (all to institution for clinical trials unless noted): AbbVie, Agios (IIT), Array (IIT), Astellas, Boston Biomedical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CheckMate (SRA), Compugen, Corvus, EMD Serono, Evelo (SRA), Five Prime, FLX Bio, Genentech, Immatics, Immunocore, Incyte, Leap, MedImmune, Macrogenics, Necktar, Novartis, Palleon (SRA), Merck, Springbank, Tesaro, Tizona, Xencor; <i>Travel</i>: Akrevia, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Immunocore, Incyte, Janssen, Merck, Mersana, Novartis, RefleXion; <i>Patents</i>: (both provisional) Serial #15/612,657 (Cancer Immunotherapy), PCT/US18/36052 (Microbiome Biomarkers for Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Responsiveness: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Uses Thereof). Janice M. Mehnert (JMM): Novartis-Advisory Board; BMS—Advisory Board; Merck—consulting; Seagen-Advisory Board, Regeneron-Advisory Board, Eisai-Advisory Board, Pliant Therapeutics-Advisory Board. Jeffrey A. Sosman (JAS): no conflict to disclose. Hussein A. Tawbi (HAT): <i>Grant or research support</i>: Bristol Myers-Squibb, Novartis, Merck, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, EMD Serono, Eisai, Dragonfly Therapeutics, RAPT Therapeutics; <i>Paid Consultant</i>: Bristol Myers-Squibb, Genentech, Novartis, Merck, Boxer Capital, Karyopharm, Iovance, Eisai, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Medicenna. Mario Mandalà (MM): <i>Advisory board and lectures for</i>: MSD, BMS, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, Sun Pharma; <i>Research grant</i>: Novartis. Alessandro Testori (AT): no conflict to disclose. Corrado Caracò (CC): no conflict to disclose. Iman Osman (IO): no conflict to disclose. Igor Puzanov (IP): <i>Consulting/Honoraria</i>: Nektar, Amgen, Roche, Oncorus; <i>Advisory Board</i>: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Regeneron, Nouscom, Nektar; <i>Institutional Clinical Trial Support</i>: Nektar, Idera, Oncosec, Amgen, Immunocore, Dynavax, Rubius, SQZ, ADC; <i>DSMC</i>: Nouscom.