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Article History

Received: 1 April 2023

Accepted: 19 August 2023

First Online: 16 November 2023

Declarations

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: All experiments involving humans and mice complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. Participants consented to take part in the experiment. Details please see ‘Ethics Approval and Consent to participate’ file. Mice: We performed experiments by institutional, national, or international guidelines, and where available have been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital (Reference Number: 2017-026), which followed the Declaration of Helsinki. All mice skin biopsy and other experiments were performed under anesthesia, and mice took euthanasia methods eventually. Our study did not involve client-owned animals. We all complied with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Human: We performed the immunohistochemical experiment, which followed the Declaration of Helsinki. This project has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital (Reference Number: 2022-30). All human participants consented to participate in the study. Participants are adults and do not involve in vulnerable groups (for example, unconscious patients), or with the potential for coercion (for example prisoners). Our study does not involve human transplantation study and human embryos, gametes, and stem cells.

: All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to the Journal of Translational Medicine. We confirm that neither the manuscript nor any parts of its content are currently under consideration or published in another journal.

: Not applicable.