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Article History

Received: 11 February 2025

Accepted: 24 April 2025

First Online: 8 May 2025

Declarations

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: The Sano GOLD study has approval from the Wales Research Ethics Committee (REC) (IRAS 291221). Consent to participate has been received from all participants. Institutional Reviewing Board (IRB) approval was obtained prior to enrollment of patients in the All of Us Research Program. Informed consent for all participants is conducted in person or through an eConsent platform that includes primary consent, HIPAA Authorization for Research use of EHRs and other external health data, and Consent for Return of Genomic Results. The protocol was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the All of Us Research Program (IRB Approval Date: Dec 03, 2021). The All of Us IRB follows the regulations and guidance of the NIH Office for Human Research Protections for all studies, ensuring that the rights and welfare of research participants are overseen and protected uniformly. The All of Us Research Program is supported by the National Institutes of Health, Office of the Director: Regional Medical Centers (OT2 OD026549; OT2 OD026554; OT2 OD026557; OT2 OD026556; OT2 OD026550; OT2 OD 026552; OT2 OD026553; OT2 OD026548; OT2 OD026551; OT2 OD026555); Inter agency agreement AOD 16037; Federally Qualified Health Centers HHSN 263201600085U; Data and Research Center: U2 C OD023196; Genome Centers (OT2 OD002748; OT2 OD002750; OT2 OD002751); Biobank: U24 OD023121; The Participant Center: U24 OD023176; Participant Technology Systems Center: U24 OD023163; Communications and Engagement: OT2 OD023205; OT2 OD023206; and Community Partners (OT2 OD025277; OT2 OD025315; OT2 OD025337; OT2 OD025276). Results reported are in compliance with the All of Us Data and Statistics Dissemination Policy disallowing disclosure of group counts under 20 to protect participant privacy.

: AR is an employee of the Complex Disorders Alliance, SG and RG are co-chairs of the Complex Disorders Alliance's Scientific Advisory Board. JS, SD, KT, KC, MP and SG are employees of PrecisionLife Ltd. S.G. is a shareholder of PrecisionLife, Ltd.