Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted: 27 July 2025

First Online: 13 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of both participating institutions: the IRCCS “G. Pascale Foundation” (Approval Numbers DSC/1504, June 11, 2014 and DSC/2893, April 11, 2015) and the IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute-IFO (Approval Number 8393, July 23, 2017), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Inclusion criteria specified patients aged ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic melanoma (Stage IIIB-IIIC or IV according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th Edition), eligible for MAPK-targeted therapy, and capable of providing informed consent. Samples from healthy donors were collected with the approval of the IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (Rome, Italy) institutional ethics committee (Approval Number 7182, May 24, 2019). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before inclusion in the study.

: All the authors agreed for publication of this research.

: All the authors declare no conflict of interest with the exceptions of P.A.A. P.A.A. has/had a consultant/advisory role for Bristol MyersSquibb, Roche-Genentech, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Merck Serono, Pierre-Fabre, AstraZeneca, Sun Pharma, Sanofi, Idera, Sandoz, Immunocore, 4SC, Italfarmaco, Nektar, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eisai, Regeneron, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Oncosec, Nouscom, Lunaphore, Seagen, iTeos, Medicenna, Bio-Al Health, ValoTX, Replimmune. He also received research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche-Genentech, Pfizer, Sanofi. Travel support by Pfizer. The funders of this study had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.