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Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke increase risk of frailty in adulthood: evidence from a large prospective cohort study

Published Online: 2025-10-14

Authors

Li, Zenghui

Wang, Zhaoping

Yu, Senhai

Zhang, Xuhui

Zhu, Yimin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-7636
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0907004)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-14

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-14
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Article History

Received: 22 June 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted using the UK Biobank (application number 102158). All participants provided written informed consent for participation in the trial. The UK Biobank received ethical approval from the National Health Service North West Multicenter Research Ethics Committee.

: All the authors have consented for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interest.

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