Jain, Rohil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-0192
Berkane, Yanis
Ajenu, Emmanuella O.
Nguyen, Khanh T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-7527
Shamlou, Austin Alana
Muzikansky, Alona
Cornacchini, Jonathan
Lellouch, Alexandre G.
Uygun, Basak E.
Cetrulo, Curtis L.
Randolph, Mark A.
Uygun, Korkut
Romfh, Padraic
Tessier, Shannon N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-232X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shriners Hospitals for Children (85115)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK134590)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL157803)
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R24OD034189)
National Science Foundation (EEC1941543)
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (23-263034)
Massachusetts General Hospital (fund for medical discovery)
Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare competing interests. SNT and PR have patent applications with the RRS technology that are not directly related to the study. PR is an employee and shareholder of Pendar Technologies. SNT’s competing interests are managed by MGH and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies, and PR’s competing interests are subject to the Research Integrity Policy of Pendar Technologies. The following patented technologies have been used in this study: US2020/0281474A1 In-vivo monitoring of cellular energetics with Raman spectroscopy (application). Additional patent applications for use in ophthalmology and tissue viability assessment using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy have been submitted. This does not alter our adherence to BMC Journal of Translational Medicine’s policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors do not have competing interests.