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Authors
Wu, Shou-En https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-1079
Wang, Wei‑Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-1811
Hung, Chih-Tsung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-7757
Chung, Chi-Hsiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4576-9900
Chien, Wu-Chien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-0780
Yang, Bing-Heng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2902-632X
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: Our study conformed to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGHIRB No.: E202416012). Considering that the Taiwan Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database (LGTD) contains fully anonymized linked information, which does not affect the welfare and right of the subjects, the requirement for informed consent from our participants was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
