Zhu, Mingxia
Zhang, Lan
Cao, Chunxiang
Xue, Jiao
Zhang, Huo
Zhou, Xin
Qin, Songbing
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Suqian Sci&Tech Program (KY202401)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273567)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82473249)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline (ZDXK202235)
the Special Fund for the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (BE20022727)
the National Major Science and Technology Projects of China (2024ZD0525903)
Article History
Received: 19 May 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the institutional ethics board. Due to its retrospective design, the requirement for informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable. This study does not involve individual-level data or any information requiring consent for publication.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.