Adriana, Petrazzuolo
Carbonnier, Vincent
De Palma, Fatima Domenica Elisa
Perez-Lanzon, Maria
Vergé, Véronique
Quivoron, Cyril
Lamant, Laurence
Brugieres, Laurence
Rigaud, Charlotte
Ducassou, Stéphane
Dourthe, Marie-Emilie
Le Deley, Marie-Cécile
Damm-Welk, Christine
Woessmann, Willi
Minard-Colin, Véronique
Maiuri, Maria Chiara
Kroemer, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4405
Funding for this research was provided by:
HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (675712)
Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung (Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung)
Société Française de lutte contre les Cancers et les leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (Société Française de lutte contre les Cancers et les leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent)
Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Written informed consent was collected and study was approved by independent ethics committees and national medical authorities and conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: GK has been holding research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Sutro, Tollys, and Vascage. GK is on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France. GK is a scientific co-founder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics and Therafast Bio. GK is in the scientific advisory boards of Hevolution, Institut Servier, and Rejuveron Life Sciences/Centenara Labs AG. GK is the inventor of patents covering therapeutic targeting of aging, cancer, cystic fibrosis and metabolic disorders. Among these patents, one “Methods for weight reduction” (US11905330B1) is relevant to this study. GK’s brother, Romano Kroemer, was an employee of Sanofi and now consults for Boehringer-Ingelheim. GK’s wife, Laurence Zitvogel, has held research contracts with Glaxo Smyth Kline, Incyte, Lytix, Kaleido, Innovate Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Pilege, Merus, Transgene, 9 m, Tusk and Roche, was on the on the Board of Directors of Transgene, is a cofounder of everImmune, and holds patents covering the treatment of cancer and the therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota. MCM is the inventor of a patent covering therapeutic targeting of cancer, not relevant with this study. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. The other authors declare no competing financial interest.