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Authors
Ding, Xian https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0059-2284
Lu, Qiuhan
Hu, Ting
Zhang, Yi
Zhao, Rui
Liu, Haolong
Huang, Sicheng
Wu, Yuwen
Tong, Zhaohui
Jiang, Guozhi
An, Zhuoling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province (2023YFC0872500)
Chongqing Municipal Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2301305)
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The experimental protocol was established according to the ethical guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the institutional review board and Ethics Committee (NCT05792865, 2023-Research-230). The requirement for informed written consent was waived because it is a retrospective study.
: No individual information, images or videos were included in this study.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests or commercial affiliations.
