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Authors
Gao, Ming
Li, Ying
Wang, Huimei
Zhang, Jinming
Zhang, Guangxun
Zhang, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-6274
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jilin Provincial Department of Education (JJKH20241326KJ)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 15 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available, anonymized data from the NHANES. Ethical approval was not required for this analysis. All study protocols of NHANES were approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the NCHS. Our research strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All analytical methods were conducted in full compliance with relevant NHANES data use policies and prevailing ethical regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
