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Article History

Received: 1 August 2025

Accepted: 14 November 2025

First Online: 5 December 2025

Declarations

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: This study does not directly involve human subjects but does use human materials that require approval for acquisition and use. The primary tumor tissue analyzed in this study was obtained during the initial diagnosis, archived and stored at the Department of Pathology (University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel, Brandenburg, Germany). The ethics approval (9082022-BO-E-RETRO) for this study has been obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Brandenburg an der Havel (Brandenburg, Germany). Human PBMCs used in this study were obtained from leftovers of samples from healthy donors, who had donated blood in the period 2022–2024 at the University Hospital Hamburg, Germany. Samples not used for clinical purposes were used for research; the individuals gave written informed consent before blood donation.

: All authors agree to the publication of the article.

: The other authors declare no competing interests.