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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Accepted: 24 November 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors affirm that all methods were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All mice were housed at the Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University, and approval was obtained from the Animal Committee of the Institute of Zoology at Chongqing Medical University (reference number: IACUC-CQMU-2025-03112, “Mechanism of targeting CHD1L in prostate cancer”). Patient samples were obtained from PCa patients after informed consent of sample use for research. The use of human samples was approved by the Medical Ethics Committees of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (reference number: 2025-406-01, “Mechanism of targeting CHD1L in prostate cancer”).

: During the preparation of this work, the authors used “ChatGPT” to enhance language quality and readability. After using this tool/service, the authors have reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: All patients involved in this study provided written informed consent for the use of their clinical data for research and publication purposes. The consent process included disclosure that their de–identified data may be made publicly available online and in print following publication. No identifying information (such as name, initials, date of birth, or hospital number) has been included in this manuscript. The study protocol and consent procedures were reviewed and approved by the institutional ethics committee, and all efforts were made to ensure patient confidentiality and compliance with data protection regulations.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.