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Authors
Yang, Caixiu
Wang, Wenxuan
Feng, Chao
Xu, Shuo
Zhang, Li
Wang, Yanwen
Xing, Xiaoming
Ji, Qiuxia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4765-4503
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital (QYFY WZLL 27126). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All patients involved in this study provided written informed consent. Prior to agreeing to participate, all patients were fully informed about the purpose, scope, potential risks, and benefits of the study. They clearly understood that participation was entirely voluntary.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
