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Authors
Yin, Aiqi
Chen, Yixuan
Zhang, Huafan
Wu, Xiaoxia
Guan, Xiaonian
Huang, Pingping
Zeng, Cuiping
Liu, Kan
Wu, Linlin
Niu, Jianmin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-5994
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72374227)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program (JCYJ20220818103608017)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program (JCYJ20220818103607015)
President Foundation of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (YQ202410)
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized data from the Birth Cohort in Shenzhen (BiCoS), a prospective birth cohort study conducted by Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital (Approval No. 23) and strictly adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
