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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Accepted: 20 November 2025

First Online: 27 December 2025

Change Date: 22 January 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Article updated to correct the error in affiliation.

Declarations

:

: Our study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines and regulations. Human lung tissues, blood, and BALF samples were obtained with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (approval No. 2,022,052,701,006), and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the 8th Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from participants or their legal guardians, and all procedures complied with applicable national and institutional standards for research involving human subjects.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors. The requirements for authorship as stated earlier in this document have been met. Each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work.