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Authors
Su, Zijun
Li, Haishan
Zhang, Dongdong
Shi, Nanxi
Song, Chanchan
Huang, Yu
He, Weili
Yin, Zhinan
Li, Liangping
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethical Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Ethics Approval Number: KY-2021–027). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating patients prior to tissue collection. The consent process included detailed explanations of the study purpose, procedures, potential risks, and safeguards for data anonymity. All patient-derived samples (tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and peripheral blood) were handled under strict compliance with institutional ethical guidelines for human specimen research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
