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Authors
Zheng, Liang
Xu, Haoming
Wang, Shuyuan
Ma, Meili
Hu, Fang
Cheng, Lei
Lu, Jun
Pan, Feng
Zhang, Bo
Xu, Jianlin
Li, Ying
Shen, Yinchen
Zhang, Wei
Zhong, Runbo
Chu, Tianqing
Han, Baohui
Zheng, Xiaoxuan
Zhong, Hua
Nie, Wei
Zhang, Xueyan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-3593
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373425)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82400126)
Shanghai Innovative Medical Device Application Demonstration Project 2023 (23SHS02600)
Medical Innovation Research Special Project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y11904200)
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0529300)
Scientific Research Program by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2024AIYBO11)
Clinical Research Special Fund Project of Shanghai Chest Hospital (2024IIT-M001)
Technology Plan Projects in Zhejiang Province (2025KY034)
NSFC Cultivation Project of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (PY2023021)
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study complied with all relevant ethical regulations in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee and Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Chest Hospital (Reference number: LS1808). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
: Not applicable.
: Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies were NOT used in the preparation of this work.
: The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.
