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Authors
Yuan, Mengxuan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8075-2490
Chang, Di
Lu, Wanjun
Ma, Kaiyang
Gu, Yue
Xia, Tianyi
Peng, Jian
Zhang, Yang
Fu, Lei
Zhao, Ben
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yangzhou City Basic Research Program (Joint Special Project) - Health and Wellness Category (2025-03-46)
The Science and Technology Development Fund of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University - Jiangdu Clinical College Special Fund (ZX202518)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372024)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (823B2040)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2242024RCB0056)
The Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Pairing Assistance Construction Funds (zdlyg20)
The Research Personnel Cultivation Programme of Zhongda Hospital Southeast University (CZXM-GSP-RC179)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the institutional review board of Jiangdu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (approval number: YJRY-2024-K-010) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was also obtained from all participating centers: Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital and Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committees due to the retrospective nature of this study and complete anonymization of patient data.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: MY is a radiologist with specialized expertise in prostate imaging and radiomics analysis. DC focuses on advanced MRI techniques and the application of machine learning in oncology. WL has extensive experience in clinical neurology and medical data analysis. KM is a cardiologist with research interests in medical imaging applications. YG specializes in diagnostic radiology with a particular focus on genitourinary imaging. TXia, BZ, and JP have expertise in artificial intelligence and radiomics methodology. YZ serves as the research director at his institution and has extensive experience in scientific research and project coordination. LF is a pathology specialist whose work primarily focuses on diagnostic pathology and related research.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
