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Authors
Wang, Yihao
Bie, Yongchen
Zhang, Yun
Huang, Ying
Wu, Kaili
Ma, Xuexiao
Li, Yan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MH110)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QH244)
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, and the procedures used were conducted in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided a written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
