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Authors
Li, Kang
Wei, Pengyu
Li, Zhipeng
Kuang, Wenbo
Zhang, Mengyang
Luo, Changcheng
Cui, Kai
Lin, Dongxu
Chen, Zhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (823B2013)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470802)
Tongji Hospital Medical Artificial Intelligence Fund (AI2024B08)
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures involving human tissue were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital (Approval No. TJ-IRB202505059). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Animal experiments were performed at the Laboratory Animal Center of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. The animals were housed in an SPF barrier facility. All procedures followed the National Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of China. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Laboratory Animal Center of Tongji Hospital (Approval No. TJH-202501031). Animals were purchased from Wuhan Norming Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and had free access to food and water.
: Not applicable. This study did not include any individual person’s identifiable data, images, or case reports. Only anonymized tissue samples and clinical measurements were used.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
