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Article History

Received: 4 November 2025

Accepted: 9 February 2026

First Online: 25 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals, and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Medical University (Approval No. 202212S007). Efforts were made to minimize the number of animals used and to reduce their suffering. Animals were housed in a controlled environment with free access to food and water, and all procedures were performed under appropriate anesthesia and analgesia to ensure humane treatment.

: This manuscript does not deal with relevant human experiments, and the Ethics Statement for Animal Experiments has been adopted. Articles are published with the consent of all authors.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.