Jin, Shangkun
Lin, Ruirong
Guan, Shen
Jiang, Jiantao
He, Hongxin
Wei, Enhao
Lv, Ziyuan
Yang, Weijin
Huang, Jingtao
Zheng, Shiyao
Zhou, Zhihua
Ge, Ruru
Jia, Xiaohua
Yang, Chunkang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Innovation Project of Fujian Province (2021Y9231)
Medical Innovation Project of Fujian Province (2024Y9633,2024Y9632)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82103101)
Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2023J011289)
Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 21 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Clinical tissue specimens study were obtained with verbal informed consent from all patients. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Cancer Hospital (SQ2021-172-01). All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fujian Medical University (IACUC FJMU 2024-Y-1487).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The main data supporting the results of this study are available in the paper and its supplementary materials. The raw near-infrared fluorescence images can be obtained after asking the corresponding authors and clarifying the purpose of use.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.