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Authors
Lin, Yung-Ni https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2469-6311
Peng, Wei-Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7524-1218
Huang, Yu-Chin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-4839
Lai, Chi-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-8018
Hsu, Jia-Rou https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5141-6180
Wang, Jzy-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-0446
Kao, Yi-Chu https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8432-6800
Wu, Li-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-6999
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (110-2320-B-002-080-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (111-2314-B-A49-072)
National Science and Technology Council (112-2314-B-A49-028-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (113-2321-B-A49-014)
National Science and Technology Council (113-2740-B-A49-003)
National Science and Technology Council (114-2321-B-A49-004)
National Science and Technology Council (114-2740-B-A49-003-)
Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation (CI-115-33)
TYGH-NYCU Joint Research Program (PTH110001)
Ministry of Health and Welfare (11210)
Ministry of Health and Welfare (11310)
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: This project represents an ethically continuous extension of an IRB-approved clinical investigation (IRB No: B-BR-108-018-T) under the supervision of Professor Yi-Ching Yang, Director of the Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH) and Jzy-Yu Wang. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University approved protocol number 1090914 and 1100902. All relevant ethical regulations for animal use were complied with.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
