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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Health Research Project (TJWJ2024QN077)
Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin Eye Hospital (YKPY2205)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-3)
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 3 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available, de-identified data. All original studies received ethical approval from their respective institutional review boards and were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Therefore, no additional ethical approval was required for the present analysis.
: Not applicable as this manuscript does not contain any individual-level data requiring consent for publication.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
