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Authors
Chen, Lan
Wu, Sunying
Wu, Xiangliang
Zhang, Huan
Ren, Jingnan
Lu, Liyun
Ma, Huimin
Jin, Dingping
Patch, Michelle
Feng, Xiuqin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-9385
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (approval 2022–0913 and 2023–0517). The requirement for informed consent in the retrospective cohort was waived because the data were anonymous. Informed consent was obtained from the patients or their families, as required by hospital protocols.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
