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Authors
Tan, Siyuan
Zeng, Gaoming
Huang, Ting
Zhang, Zixi
Zhou, Jiabao
Zhu, Jiayi
Li, Fanqi
Chen, Hao
Liu, Chan
Xiao, Yichao
Liu, Zhenjiang
Lin, Qiuzhen
Tu, Tao
Liu, Qiming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-2668
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 10 May 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This NHANES study was performed using public data from the NCHS and the NHANES. Prior to enrollment, all participants furnished informed consent. The study requires no further approval and follows ethical guidelines.
Consent to participate: All the authors participated in the study and made significant intellectual contributions to the manuscript.
Consent for publication: This manuscript is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere, and the work reported will not be submitted for publication elsewhere until a final decision has been made as to its acceptability by the journal.
Conflicts of interest: All authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest to declare, and none has received any personal fees.
