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Article History

Received: 20 May 2026

Accepted: 8 July 2026

First Online: 17 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The present study was a secondary analysis of the publicly available, de-identified WESAD dataset and did not involve new recruitment, intervention, or data collection from human participants. Ethical and consent procedures for the original WESAD data collection were reported by the original dataset investigators [4]. No additional ethics approval was required for this secondary analysis.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Reporting guidelines: Not applicable in the formal sense. This is a methodological article using publicly available secondary data; established clinical reporting checklists such as TRIPOD (for prediction-model development and validation) and STARD (for diagnostic accuracy) do not directly apply because the analysis was a proof-of-concept feature-extraction demonstration on a public benchmark, with no prospective enrollment, diagnostic claim, or external clinical validation. Where relevant, we have followed the spirit of the TRIPOD-AI items by reporting the data source, preprocessing pipeline, model specification, tuning procedure, evaluation metrics, intended use, and limitations.

Use of AI-assisted tools: During preparation of this journal-specific draft, the authors used an AI language model to assist with editorial restructuring and wording. The authors reviewed and are responsible for all scientific content, analyses, interpretations, and conclusions.

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.