Funding for this research was provided by:
Central Incentive Fund for Regional S&T Development (25ZYJA024)
Article History
Received: 7 April 2026
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 3 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: UK Biobank received ethical approval from the NHS North West Centre for Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 16/NW/0274). All participants provided electronically signed consent for their data to be used in health-related research. The research conducted in this study adhered to these ethical standards, the guidelines established by the UK Biobank, and the relevant UK laws and regulations governing human data use in medical research, including the General Data Protection Regulation and the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.