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Article History

Received: 17 April 2020

Accepted: 6 July 2020

First Online: 18 July 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All protocols involving animals were in compliance with the experimental guidelines approved by the regional authorities (State Agency for Nature, Environment, and Consumer Protection) and conform to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.

: Not applicable.

: The Optomotry device was funded by a grant from the charitable Iselore Luckow Foundation to PA and HPH. Other than that, the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the work presented. The following financial disclosures are unrelated to the work: MD received speaker honoraria from Novartis and Merck. AI declares no financial disclosures. HPH has received fees for serving on steering committees from Biogen Idec, GeNeuro, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Octapharma, Opexa Therapeutics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Bayer HealthCare, Forward Pharma, and Roche; fees for serving on advisory boards from Biogen Idec, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Octapharma, Opexa Therapeutics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, and Roche; and lecture fees from Biogen Idec, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Octapharma, Opexa Therapeutics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, and Roche. PA received compensation for serving on Scientific Advisory Boards for Ipsen, Novartis, and Biogen; he received speaker honoraria and travel support from Novartis, Teva, Biogen, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Allergan, Bayer HealthCare, Esai, UCB, and Glaxo Smith Kline; he received research support from Novartis, Biogen, Teva, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, and Roche.