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Article History

Received: 9 June 2022

Accepted: 23 August 2022

First Online: 7 September 2022

Declarations

:

: The local institutional review board (IRB) has approved the conduction of this trial. Further details are listed under “InternalRef removed” section.

: Steffen Pfeuffer: received travel grants from Sanofi Genzyme and Merck Serono, lecturing honoraria from Sanofi Genzyme, Mylan Healthcare, and Biogen, and research support from Diamed, Merck Serono, and the German Multiple Sclerosis Society Northrhine-Westphalia. Leoni Rolfes: received travel grants from Merck Serono and Sanofi-Genzyme. Timo Wirth: has no competing interests. Falk Steffen: has no competing interests. Marc Pawlitzki: received speaker honoraria and travel support from Novartis. He received research support from the DMSG Landesverband NRW and the IMF program of the University Münster. Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck: has no competing interests. Catharina C. Gross: received speaker honoraria from DIU Dresden International University GmbH, Bayer Healthcare, and Mylan. She received travel/accommodation/meeting expenses from Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, EUROIMMUN, and Novartis. She receives research support from the European Union, the German Research Foundation, the IZKF Münster, Biogen, Novartis, and Roche. Marcus Brand: has no competing interests. Stefan Bittner: has no competing interests. Tobias Ruck: received travel grants and financial research support from Genzyme and Novartis and received honoraria for lecturing from Roche, Merck, Genzyme, Biogen, and Teva. Luisa Klotz: received compensation for serving on Scientific Advisory Boards for Alexion, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck Serono, Novartis and Roche. She received speaker honoraria and travel support from Bayer, Biogen, Genzyme, Grifols, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Santhera and Teva. She receives research support from the German Research Foundation, the IZKF Münster, IMF Münster, Biogen, Immunic AG, Novartis and Merck Serono. Heinz Wiendl: received compensation for serving on Scientific Advisory Boards/Steering Committees for Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck Serono, and Novartis. He received speaker honoraria and travel support from Bayer Vital GmbH, Bayer Schering AG, Biogen, CSL Behring, EMD Serono, Fresenius Medical Care, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Omniamed, Novartis, and Sanofi Aventis. He received compensation as a consultant from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi-Genzyme. Heinz Wiendl also received research support from Bayer Healthcare, Bayer Vital, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Sanofi US, and Teva. Sven G. Meuth: received honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings from Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Bayer Health Care, Biogen, Celgene, Diamed, Genzyme, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, ONO Pharma, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Chugai Pharma, QuintilesIMS, and Teva. His research is funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation, German Academic Exchange Service, Hertie Foundation, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKF) Muenster, German Foundation Neurology and by Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Biogen, Diamed, Fresenius Medical Care, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, ONO Pharma, Roche, and Teva.