Poh, Xuan Ying
Loh, Fei Kean
Bai, Chen
Chong, Hai Tarng
Teo, Wei Keat
Wong, Yi Hao
Hong, Jia Mei
Miow, Qing Hao
Thong, Pei Min
Vilaysane, Bryce
Hu, Ting Huey
Chhabra, Srishti
Wang, Yu
Tiong, Siew Ching
Fong, Siew Moy
Kamihigashi, Masako
Rajarethinam, Ravisankar
Looi, Wen Donq
Cheow, Esther Sok Hwee
Bonney, Glenn Kunnath
Pakkiri, Leroy Sivappiragasam
Drum, Chester Lee
Peng, Yan Fen
Lee, Ming
Tan, Char Loo
Ding, Cristine Szu Lyn
Lim, Tchoyoson Choie Cheio
Yeo, Tsin Wen
Tay, Joshua K.
Vallejo, Andres F.
Ong, Catherine W. M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (postgraduate scholarship)
National University Health System (NUSMed B2B Collaboration Grant, Junior Research Award and Chan Heng Leong Education and Research Fund, NUSMed B2B Collaboration Grant, NUHSRO/2016/066/NPCseedfunding/01)
National Centre for Infectious Diseases Singapore (NCID Catalyst Grant and NCID Short Term Fellowship)
NUSMed Post-Doctoral Fellowship (NUHSRO/2018/052/PDF/04, NUHSRO/2017/073/PDF/03, NUHSRO/2018/052/PDF/04, NUHSRO/2017/073/PDF/03)
National Science Foundation (HRD-1202008 and HRD-1826745)
National Medical Research Council (NMRC/TA/20nov-0025 and NMRC/OFLCG/21Jun-0013, NMRC/TA/0042/2015, CSAINV17nov014, CSAINV21nov-0003, CSASI24jul-0005)
iHealthtech at the National University of Singapore
Article History
Received: 14 February 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 11 October 2025
Declaration
:
: The Domain Specific Review Board from National Healthcare Group Singapore (Reference: 2015/00067) approved the study. Anonymized human adult brain samples were used. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of National University of Singapore under protocols R15-1068 and R21-0633, in accordance with national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals for scientific purposes.
: Informed consent was received from all the patients including consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.