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Authors
Fischer, Katinka
Thewes, Leonie
Prozorovski, Tim
Bayer, Mary
Dietrich, Michael
Lowin, Torsten
Albrecht, Philipp
Hartung, Hans-Peter
Meuth, Sven G.
Aktas, Orhan
Berndt, Carsten
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf. Anstalt öffentlichen Rechts
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Change Date: 7 November 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The sizing of the Figures 1 and 2 was corrected.
Declarations
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: Blood samples were taken from the biobank of the Department of Neurology at Düsseldorf University Hospital (Registration Number: 2017044238, Study Number 5951R, date of ethics vote: 28.06.2018) from patients with RRMS who had undergone a change in immunotherapy. The arthritis synovial fibroblasts were extracted for the RHINEVIT biobank of the Clinics for Rheumatology at Düsseldorf University Hospital (Study Number 2022–2189_7, date of ethics vote: 22.05.2024). Within these studies, all patients agreed to participate in research projects. Brains of mice were isolated according to the local animal welfare committee (No. O74/08).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
