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Authors
Ji, Qianxin
Zhang, Yan
Zhang, Zhuo
Cui, Kun
Zhao, Liang
Sun, Xiaoyu
Qu, Huiling
Song, Jia
Xiao, Jianru
Zhang, Xiaobin
Lu, Yu
Xu, Jianan
Li, Dan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Young Scientists Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province ((Grant No. 2024-BS-067))
General Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province ((Grant No. 2024-BS-067))
General Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province ((Grant No. 2024-MS-035))
Provincial Joint Fund General Program ((Grant No. 2023-MSLH-346))
National Natural Science Foundation of China ((Grant No. 82371406))
Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China ((Grant No. 81802139))
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures involving animals were evaluated and authorized by the IACUC at China Medical University (Approval No. CMU2023314), with strict adherence to the ARRIVE 2.0 reporting guidelines and the Chinese National Standard for Laboratory Animal Welfare (GB/T 35823 − 2018). Animals were housed in SPF facilities, and all procedures incorporated refinements to minimize pain and distress. For human tissues, ethical clearance was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of Northern Theater General Hospital (Approval No. 2025 − 233), the designated oversight body for participant protection. The study protocol complies with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This manuscript contains no identifiable patient information or clinical images.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
