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Article History

Received: 9 August 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 23 December 2025

Declarations

:

: WTH has served as a consultant to Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Beckman Coulter Diagnostics, Biogen Inc., Fujirebio Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers; received research support from Fujirebio USA; and has a patent on CSF-based diagnosis of FTLD-TDP (assigned to Emory University); CSF-based prognosis of SMA (assigned to Emory University); and CSF-based prognosis of very mild AD (assigned to Emory and Rutgers University). HZ has served on scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave; has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and WebMD; and is a co‐founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). MMM has served on scientific advisory boards and/or has consulted for Althira, Biogen, Beckman Coulter, Cognito Therapeutics, Eisai, Lilly, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Siemens Healthineers; received speaking honorariums from Novo Nordisk, PeerView Institute, and Roche.